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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

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Related Experiment Video

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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow
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Gliosarcoma with primitive neuronal, chondroid, osteoid and ependymal elements.

Yuka Yoshida1, Munenori Ide2, Hiroya Fujimaki3

  • 1Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.

Neuropathology : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology
|March 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare brain tumor with glial, neuronal, and sarcomatous components sharing a common TERT promoter mutation. Recurrence showed a shift to a pure glioblastoma, highlighting tumor plasticity.

Keywords:
TERT promoterependymalgliosarcomaosteoid-chondroidprimitive neuronal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Tumor Heterogeneity

Background:

  • Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor.
  • Gliosarcoma is a rare subtype with glial and sarcomatous elements.
  • Understanding tumor origins and evolution is crucial for treatment.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old man presented with a large right frontal lobe tumor.
  • Histology revealed glioblastoma, fibrosarcoma, primitive neuronal, and ependymal components.
  • The sarcomatous part showed chondroid and osteoid differentiation.
  • Immunohistochemistry identified neuronal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers.
  • TERT promoter C228T mutation was present in all tumor components.

Findings:

  • This is the first report of a gliosarcoma with primitive neuronal differentiation sharing an identical TERT promoter mutation across glial, neuronal, and sarcomatous elements.
  • The mutation suggests a common progenitor cell for all tumor components.
  • Recurrence 11 months post-surgery showed a glioblastomatous-only component, indicating significant tumor evolution.

Implications:

  • The findings challenge current understanding of gliosarcoma development and heterogeneity.
  • TERT promoter mutations may play a role in the multipotent differentiation of these tumors.
  • The shift in tumor composition upon recurrence suggests therapeutic vulnerabilities and potential for targeted therapies.