Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
The Importance of Racial Socialization: School-Based Racial Discrimination and Racial Identity Among African American
Sheretta T Butler-Barnes1, Bridget L Richardson2, Tabbye M Chavous2
1Washington University in St. Louis.
Abstract:
This study examined various parental racial socialization messages as mediators between school-based racial discrimination and racial identity formation over 4 years for African American boys (N = 639) and African American girls (N = 711). Findings indicated that school-based racial discrimination was associated with racial identity beliefs. For African American boys, behavioral racial socialization messages mediated the relation between school-based racial discrimination and racial centrality over time. Mediation also resulted for African American girls, but for a different set of race-related messages (negative messages and racial barriers) and racial identity beliefs. The developmental significance of the findings and implications for future research are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Social Identity
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Attitudes
Social Exchange Theory
Role-Based Identity
Social Traps

