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Obesity: Risk Factor for Increased Resource Utilization at Bidirectional Glenn.

Ashley C Newell1, Kelly Davis1, Li Wang2

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Overweight infants with single-ventricle heart conditions may need more hospital resources, including longer mechanical ventilation (VHs). Being overweight is an underappreciated risk factor for these vulnerable children.

Keywords:
cardiac diseasecritical carelife cycleobesitypediatricsresearch and diseasessurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Neonatal Intensive Care

Background:

  • Infants with single-ventricle physiology often face increased health risks.
  • Underweight infants are known to have higher morbidity and mortality.
  • The impact of overweight status on resource utilization in these patients is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if overweight infants with single-ventricle physiology experience increased resource utilization.
  • To compare mechanical ventilation hours (VHs) and intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) between weight groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 109 patients undergoing bidirectional Glenn surgery (2010-2015).
  • Patients categorized into underweight (<5th percentile), normal weight (5th-90th percentile), and overweight (>90th percentile) z scores.
  • Comparison of ICU LOS and VHs across the three weight groups.

Main Results:

  • Overweight infants showed a statistically significant increase in mechanical ventilation hours (VHs) (median 72 hours vs. 25-27 hours).
  • Intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) was longer in the overweight group (median 18.5 days) but did not reach statistical significance.
  • Resource utilization was higher in overweight patients compared to normal and underweight groups.

Conclusions:

  • Overweight status at bidirectional Glenn surgery may be a risk factor for increased resource utilization in single-ventricle patients.
  • Findings highlight an underappreciated risk factor in a vulnerable pediatric population.
  • Identifying overweight status offers opportunities for intervention to improve outcomes.