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Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques

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Horizontal acquisition of transposable elements and viral sequences: patterns and consequences.

Clément Gilbert¹, Cédric Feschotte²

¹Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS Université Paris-Sud UMR 9191, IRD UMR 247, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 13, Boite Postale 1, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

|March 6, 2018

Summary

Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) and viruses significantly impacts eukaryotic evolution. These events introduce genetic variation, leading to new host functions and phenotypes, and are crucial for evolutionary success.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genomics
Molecular biology

Background:

Eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs) and viruses are key drivers of genomic variation and innovation.
Horizontal transfer (HT) is increasingly recognized as a major transmission route for TEs, enabling species invasion.
Viruses act as vectors for TEs and are also sources of horizontally acquired genetic material.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the profound impact of horizontal inheritance on eukaryotic evolution.
To present evidence supporting the significant role of HT in TE and viral transmission.
To propose that horizontal inheritance is a consequential facet of eukaryotic evolution.

Main Methods:

Compilation of existing and novel examples of horizontally acquired TE and viral sequences.
Analysis of large-scale studies on TE transmission mechanisms and ecological factors.
Review of literature on the role of viruses as vectors and sources of genetic material.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests most eukaryotic TEs rely on HT for evolutionary success.
Horizontally acquired TE or viral sequences can directly confer new host functions and phenotypes.
Viruses are confirmed as significant vectors and sources in HT events.

Conclusions:

Horizontal inheritance, particularly via TEs and viruses, has a greater impact on eukaryotic evolution than previously understood.
The prevalence of HT in TE life cycles is becoming increasingly apparent.
This form of non-Mendelian inheritance is a critical factor in shaping eukaryotic genomes and evolution.