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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.9K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.9K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

132.2K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
132.2K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

49.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
49.8K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.9K

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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

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Solution Self-Assemblies of Sequence-Defined Ionic Peptoid Block Copolymers.

Garrett L Sternhagen1, Sudipta Gupta1, Yueheng Zhang2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic peptoid block copolymers self-assemble into tunable spherical micelles. Controlling ionic monomer position precisely dictates micelle size and aggregation, offering new ways to engineer nanostructures.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble into micelles.
  • Controlling micelle structure is crucial for applications.
  • Ionic monomers introduce charge, influencing self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize ionic peptoid block copolymers.
  • Investigate the effect of ionic monomer number and position on micelle structure.
  • Establish structure-property relationships for tailored micelle formation.

Main Methods:

  • Submonomer synthesis of block copolymers.
  • pH-controlled aqueous dissolution and self-assembly.
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized peptoid block copolymers with controlled ionic content and position.
  • Observed self-assembly into spherical micelles (5-10 nm radius) with low critical micellar concentration (CMC).
  • Discovered that micelle aggregation number and radius increase with ionic monomer distance from the junction, following power-law relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Precisely controlling ionic monomer position in block copolymers allows fine-tuning of micelle size and aggregation.
  • Demonstrated a method for engineering nanostructures with specific properties.
  • Findings are consistent with theoretical models for charged polymers.