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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Workflow and Tools for Crystallographic Fragment Screening at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
Published on: March 3, 2021
CAPOW: a standalone program for the calculation of optimal weighting parameters for least-squares crystallographic
Natalie T Johnson1, Holger Ott2, Michael R Probert1
1Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Kings Road, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.
Abstract:
The rigorous analysis of crystallographic models, refined through the use of least-squares minimization, is founded on the expectation that the data provided have a normal distribution of residuals. Processed single-crystal diffraction data rarely exhibit this feature without a weighting scheme being applied. These schemes are designed to reflect the precision and accuracy of the measurement of observed reflection intensities. While many programs have the ability to calculate optimal parameters for applied weighting schemes, there are still programs that do not contain this functionality, particularly when moving beyond the spherical atom model. For this purpose, CAPOW (calculation and plotting of optimal weights), a new program for the calculation of optimal weighting parameters for a SHELXL weighting scheme, is presented and an example of its application in a multipole refinement is given.
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