Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
Published on: September 25, 2014
Socioeconomic Status and Psychopathic Traits in a Community Sample of Youth
Wendy Zwaanswijk1, Mitch van Geel2, Paul Vedder2
1Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands. w.zwaanswijk@iclon.leidenuniv.nl.
Abstract:
The current study aims to address socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderating variable between psychopathic traits and conduct problems in a sample of 2432 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 14.50 years, SD = 1.67, 56% male). Both family and neighborhood SES were measured, with income as a proxy for the level of SES. There were small but significant positive correlations between the behavioral and interpersonal dimensions of psychopathy and family SES, a small but significant negative correlation between the affective dimension and neighborhood SES, and a small and significant positive correlation between neighborhood SES and the behavioral dimension of psychopathy. Results further showed that the relations between youth psychopathic traits were moderated by neither family SES nor neighborhood SES. The results suggest that the relations between psychopathic traits and conduct problems are equally strong for lower and higher SES youth. Taken together, these findings warrant the conclusions that SES does not play a role as a moderator in the relation between psychopathy and conduct problems.
Related Concept Videos
Trait and State Self-Esteem
Polygenic Traits
What are Populations and Communities?
Multiple Allele Traits
Traits and States
X-linked Traits

