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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Permanent His Bundle Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization.

William A Huang1, Maereg A Wassie1, Olujimi A Ajijola2,3

  • 1UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
|March 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

His bundle pacing (HBP) offers a safe and effective cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by utilizing the heart's natural conduction system. HBP is recommended for specific patient groups, including those with challenging anatomy or who haven't responded to other therapies.

Keywords:
CRTCardiomyopathyHis bundleHis bundle pacingResynchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) traditionally uses biventricular (BiV) pacing.
  • Some patients are non-responders to BiV pacing or have unfavorable anatomy.
  • Right ventricular (RV) pacing can lead to pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate His bundle pacing (HBP) as a method for CRT.
  • To explore HBP's benefits in specific patient populations.
  • To assess HBP's safety, efficacy, and potential to prevent RV pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.

Main Methods:

  • His bundle pacing (HBP) implantation for CRT.
  • Assessment of patient response and outcomes.
  • Comparison with traditional biventricular (BiV) pacing.

Main Results:

  • HBP is feasible, beneficial, and safe for CRT.
  • HBP is effective in patients with unfavorable CS anatomy or BiV non-response.
  • HBP may benefit patients with non-left bundle branch block conduction delay and heart failure.
  • HBP is strongly considered for preventing RV pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, especially post-ablation.
  • Improved operator experience and lead systems enhance HBP success and safety.
  • HBP shows comparable success rates, safety, and battery longevity to traditional RV pacing.

Conclusions:

  • His bundle pacing (HBP) is a viable and effective alternative for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  • HBP offers advantages for specific patient subsets, including non-responders and those at risk of cardiomyopathy.
  • The use of HBP for CRT is expected to increase significantly with growing experience and technological advancements.