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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.9K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.9K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

132.2K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
132.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.3K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.9K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

88.1K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
88.1K

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Published on: August 10, 2016

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Pressure-induced abnormal ionic-polaronic-ionic transition sequences in AgBr.

Jia Wang1, Yonghao Han, Hao Liu

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. hanyh@jlu.edu.cn cc60109@qq.com.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|March 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High pressure transforms silver bromide (AgBr) from ionic to polaronic transport at 5.0 GPa, without structural change. This ionic-polaronic transition is explained by a novel localized-electron-soup model.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Superionic conductors like silver bromide (AgBr) exhibit unique electrical transport properties.
  • Understanding pressure-induced transitions is crucial for designing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the electrical transport behavior of AgBr under high pressure.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the pressure-induced ionic-polaronic transition in AgBr.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical impedance spectra measurements up to 30.0 GPa.
  • First-principles calculations.
  • X-ray diffraction data analysis (for comparison).

Main Results:

  • An abnormal ionic-polaronic-ionic transition was observed with increasing pressure.
  • The ionic to polaronic transition occurs at 5.0 GPa without a structural phase transition.
  • A structural phase transition at 8.6 GPa reactivates the ionic state.
  • First-principles calculations support a localized-electron-soup model for the transition.

Conclusions:

  • The ionic-polaronic transition in AgBr at 5.0 GPa is driven by electron localization, not structural change.
  • A novel localized-electron-soup model explains the screening of Ag+ ion diffusion by a background of localized electrons.
  • This provides a new perspective on charge transport mechanisms in superionic conductors under pressure.