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Why Drops Bounce on Smooth Surfaces.

Rafael Tadmor1,2, Sakshi B Yadav2, Semih Gulec2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ben Gurion University , Beer Sheva 8410501 , Israel.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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Gravity

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Drops on surfaces typically minimize energy to achieve a stable state.
  • Understanding drop behavior is crucial in various industrial and natural processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gravity on the energy minimization of drops on surfaces.
  • To correlate theoretical energy minima with the observed bouncing behavior of drops.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of energy minimization for drops, considering gravity.
  • Comparison of energy minima derived from volume and contact angle considerations.
  • Correlation of theoretical findings with experimental observations of drop bouncing.

Main Results:

  • Introducing gravity leads to different energy minimization expressions based on volume versus contact angle.
  • This discrepancy correlates with the observed bouncing of drops on smooth, hydrophilic surfaces.
  • Smaller surface tension increases the difference between calculated contact angles, enhancing bouncing probability.

Conclusions:

  • The lack of a single, stable energy minimum for drops on surfaces, due to gravity, explains their bouncing behavior.
  • This phenomenon is particularly relevant for smooth surfaces where drops might otherwise fully wet.
  • Surface tension plays a key role, with lower values promoting bouncing.