Visceral obesity as a risk factor for colorectal adenoma occurrence in surveillance colonoscopy

The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association between visceral obesity and the incidence and recurrence of colorectal adenoma.

We conducted a cohort study involving 2244 participants between 2006 and 2007. The study participants were prospectively followed until 2014 according to the initial colonoscopy and histopathology findings. Incident and recurrent colorectal adenoma groups were defined as individuals with a positive follow-up colonoscopy result from the normal results and adenoma groups, respectively, at the baseline colonoscopy.

Among the 1163 patients (51.8%) who received a follow-up colonoscopy, 509 (43.8%) and 654 (56.2%) were grouped into the normal and adenoma cohorts. Colorectal adenomas occurred in 592 patients (50.9%) during the median period of 43 months, with an incident adenoma prevalence of 39.1% and a recurrent adenoma prevalence of 60.1%. An increase in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area was associated with a higher incidence of adenoma (highest quintile vs lowest quintile of the VAT hazard ratios [HRs], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.71; HR 1.32 [per 1-standard deviation]; 95% CI, 1.10-1.60) in the multivariable analysis. Increases in body mass index and waist circumference were associated with recurrent adenomas (HR 1.33 [per 1 kg/m²], 95% CI, 1.18-1.46; HR 1.04 [per 1 cm], 95% CI, 1.01-1.07, respectively) in the multivariate analysis.

A higher VAT area was dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of incident adenoma. Furthermore, increases in body mass index and waist circumference as surrogate markers of abdominal obesity were associated with a higher risk of recurrent adenoma.