Immunohistochemical study of intrathyroidal lymph follicles

Tissue samples from 76 cases of thyroid disease containing germinal centers (GCs) were selected from 396 cases of various thyroid diseases for immunohistochemical analysis of the GC and follicular dendritic cell (FDC). These 76 cases included 28 cases of thyroid cancer, 23 of chronic thyroiditis, 12 of nontoxic goiter, 8 of adenoma, and 5 of Graves' disease. In many lymphoid GCs IgG, IgM and kappa and lambda light chains were detected with a lacy dendritic pattern. Only thyroglobulin (Tg), among the various thyroid-associated antigens sought, was stained in GCs and was found in the same distribution as immunoglobulins. Tg was found in all of the disease categories studied. Moreover, early components in the classical complement (C) pathway, that is, C1q, C4, C3c, C3d, and C5, were detected in almost all GCs in the thyroid tissues in a lacy dendritic pattern. C3d was intensely positive and was seen also by immunoelectron microscopy on the cell surface of FDCs. It is concluded that not only immunoglobulins but also Tg and early C components are closely related to the GC and FDC in the intrathyroidal lymph follicle.