Analysis of low birth weight and its co-variants in Bangladesh based on a sub-sample from nationally representative
Jahidur Rahman Khan1, Md Mazharul Islam2, Nabil Awan2,3
1Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. jkhan@isrt.ac.bd.
Insights
Low birth weight (LBW) in Bangladesh affects 20% of infants, linked to maternal education and antenatal care quality. Interventions are crucial to reduce LBW risks and improve child health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Maternal and Child Health
Background:
- Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant global contributor to infant illness and death.
- Identifying factors associated with LBW in Bangladesh is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the current prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh.
- To investigate socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related factors associated with LBW.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the 2012-13 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
- Inclusion of 2319 women with available birth weight data.
- Mixed-effects logistic regression to identify factors associated with LBW.
Main Results:
- Approximately 20% of infants in the sub-sample had LBW.
- Maternal education (secondary or higher) and quality antenatal care (ANC) were significantly associated with LBW.
- Mothers from wealthier families had lower rates of LBW, and disparities in rural/urban rates have decreased.
Conclusions:
- LBW remains a public health concern in Bangladesh, linked to maternal education and healthcare access.
- Integrated efforts and evidence-based interventions are necessary to further reduce LBW prevalence.
- A notable decrease in LBW prevalence since the previous survey indicates progress.
Background:
Low birth weight (LBW) remains a leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study leverages a large national survey to determine current prevalence and socioeconomic, demographic and heath related factors associated with LBW in Bangladesh.
Methods:
Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-13 of Bangladesh were analyzed. A total of 2319 women for whom contemporaneous birth weight data was available and who had a live birth in the two years preceding the survey were sampled for this study. However, this analysis only was able to take advantage of 29% of the total sample with 71% missing birth weight for newborns. The indicator, LBW (< 2500 g) of infants, was examined as the outcome variable in association with different socioeconomic, demographic and health-related covariates. Mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors related to LBW.
Results:
In the selected sub-sample, about 20% of infants were born with LBW, with lowest rates observed in Rajshahi (11%) and highest rates in Rangpur (28%). Education of mothers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.68 for secondary or higher educated mother) and poor antenatal care (ANC) (AOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.90) were associated with LBW after adjusting for mother's age, parity and cluster effects. Mothers from wealthier families were less likely to give birth to an LBW infant. Further indicators that wealth continues to play a role in LBW were that place of delivery, ANC and delivery assistance by quality health workers were significantly associated with LBW. However there has been a notable fall in LBW prevalence in Bangladesh since the last comparable survey (prevalence 36%), and an evidence of possible elimination of rural/urban disparities.
Conclusions:
Low birth weight remains associated with key indicators not just of maternal poverty (notably adequate maternal education) but also markers of structural poverty in health care (notably quality ANC). Results based on this sub-sample indicate LBW is still a public health concern in Bangladesh and an integrated effort from all stakeholders should be continued and interventions based on the study findings should be devised to further reduce the risk of LBW.
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