A novel hybrid 3D-printed titanium scaffold for osteogenesis in a rabbit calvarial defect model
Bo Yin1, Bingjian Xue1, Zhihong Wu2,3
1Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo. 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to explore an innovative method to improve the osteogenic ability of porous titanium. We used gelatin (Gel) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to construct micro-scaffolds within the pores of porous titanium alloy. We compared three groups: control, Gel:nHA = 1:0, and Gel:nHA = 1:1. We assessed cell attachment, cell proliferation, and osteogenic (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and collagen type 1 [Col-1]) and cytoskeletal (Talin) gene and protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. We also evaluated osteogenic abilities in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Our results showed that micro-scaffolds can improve new bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. Between the two micro-scaffold groups, the Gel:nHA = 1:1 group exhibited the most satisfactory results. It had a multi-hierarchical pore structure with a mean pore size of 156±86 μm. The Gel:nHA = 1:1 group exhibited significantly higher gene and protein expression of ALP, Col-1, and Talin. This group also exhibited the most new bone volume during in vivo experiments. The 3D micro-scaffold structure was an effective method of porous titanium modification that not only provided appropriate cell growth conditions but may also be used as a carrier of bioactive factors in the future.
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