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The Protective Role of Selenium in AFB1-Induced Tissue Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest in Chicken's Bursa of Fabricius
Ping Hu1, Zhicai Zuo1, Fengyuan Wang1
1Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a naturally occurring secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and is the most toxic form of aflatoxins. Selenium (Se) with antioxidant and detoxification functions is one of the essential trace elements for human beings and animals. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Se on AFB1-induced tissue damage and cell cycle arrest in bursa of Fabricius (BF) of chickens. The results showed that a dietary supplement of 0.4 mg·kg-1 Se alleviated the histological lesions induced by AFB1, as demonstrated by decreasing vacuoles and nuclear debris, and relieving oxidative stress. Furthermore, flow cytometry studies showed that a Se supplement protected AFB1-induced G2M phase arrest at 7 days and G0G1 phase arrest at 14 and 21 days. Moreover, the mRNA expression results of ATM, Chk2, p53, p21, cdc25, PCNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin B3, CDK6, CDK2, and cdc2 indicated that Se supplement could restore these parameters to be close to those in the control group. It is concluded that a dietary supplement of 0.4 mg kg-1 Se could diminish AFB1-induced immune toxicity in chicken's BF by alleviating oxidative damage and cell cycle arrest through an ATM-Chk2-cdc25 route and the ATM-Chk2-p21 pathway.
Insights
Selenium (Se) supplementation protects chickens from Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) immune toxicity. Se alleviates AFB1-induced tissue damage and cell cycle arrest in the bursa of Fabricius, mitigating oxidative stress.
Area of Science:
- Poultry immunology
- Toxicology
- Nutritional biochemistry
Background:
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic fungal metabolite causing significant damage.
- Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant and detoxification properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective effects of dietary Selenium (Se) against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced toxicity in the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF).
Main Methods:
- Histological examination to assess tissue damage and oxidative stress.
- Flow cytometry to analyze cell cycle arrest.
- mRNA expression analysis of key cell cycle regulatory genes (ATM, Chk2, p53, p21, cdc25, PCNA, cyclins, CDKs).
Main Results:
- Dietary Se (0.4 mg·kg⁻¹) reduced AFB1-induced histological lesions, vacuoles, nuclear debris, and oxidative stress in the BF.
- Se supplementation prevented AFB1-induced G2M phase arrest (7 days) and G0G1 phase arrest (14-21 days).
- Se restored the expression of ATM, Chk2, p53, p21, cdc25, PCNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin B3, CDK6, CDK2, and cdc2 towards control levels.
Conclusions:
- Dietary Se (0.4 mg·kg⁻¹) mitigates AFB1-induced immune toxicity in chicken BF.
- Se alleviates oxidative damage and cell cycle arrest via the ATM-Chk2-cdc25 and ATM-Chk2-p21 pathways.
- Se supplementation is a viable strategy to counteract AFB1 toxicity in poultry.