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B cells in multiple sclerosis therapy-A comprehensive review.

R Rahmanzadeh1, M S Weber2,3, W Brück2,3

  • 1MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|March 8, 2018
PubMed
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B cells play a significant role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, contrary to previous beliefs. Emerging therapies targeting B cells, like anti-CD20 antibodies, show promise in managing this autoimmune disease.

Keywords:
B cellimmunobiologymultiple sclerosisocrelizumabrituximabtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) was historically considered a T cell-mediated disorder, with B cells largely overlooked in its pathogenesis.
  • Recent findings reveal an antigen-driven B cell response within the central nervous system of MS patients, with B cells and plasma cells present in lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunobiology of B cells and elucidate their dual roles (protective and destructive) in MS pathogenesis.
  • To summarize completed and ongoing clinical trials evaluating B cell-targeted therapies for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on B cell immunobiology in the context of MS.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for B cell-targeted therapies in MS.

Main Results:

  • B cells are now recognized as critical players in MS pathogenesis, exhibiting both beneficial and detrimental functions.
  • B cell-depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing MS inflammatory activity.

Conclusions:

  • B cells are integral to MS pathogenesis, offering potential therapeutic targets.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the safety and efficacy of various B cell-targeting agents, including monoclonal antibodies, for MS treatment.