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Chlamydia trachomatis infection influences the clinical course of acute bronchiolitis

Şule Gökçe1, Zafer Kurugöl2, Candan Çiçek3

  • 11 Doctor, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, General Pediatrics Unit, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.

Tropical Doctor
|March 8, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants with acute bronchiolitis is common and often co-occurs with viral infections. This coinfection is associated with more severe cases of infant bronchiolitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a potential pathogen in young children.
  • The impact of C. trachomatis on the clinical course of acute bronchiolitis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of C. trachomatis infection in infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis.
  • To investigate whether C. trachomatis infection influences the clinical severity and outcome of acute bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 92 infants under 6 months old admitted with acute bronchiolitis was studied.
  • Nasal smears were collected for C. trachomatis detection using cell culture.
  • Respiratory viruses were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Clinical data were compared between C. trachomatis-positive and -negative infants.

Main Results:

  • C. trachomatis was detected in 22.8% of infants with acute bronchiolitis.
  • C. trachomatis often presented as a coinfection with respiratory viruses.
  • Infants infected with C. trachomatis showed a trend towards more severe bronchiolitis.
  • Clinical outcomes were significantly affected in infants with C. trachomatis coinfection.

Conclusions:

  • C. trachomatis is a relevant pathogen in infants with acute bronchiolitis, frequently co-infecting with viruses.
  • C. trachomatis coinfection is associated with increased severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants.
  • Early detection and consideration of C. trachomatis may be important for managing severe infant bronchiolitis.

Keywords:
Chlamydia trachomatisacute bronchiolitisclinical outcomeinfantrespiratory viruses

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