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Related Concept Videos

Oral Cavity01:11

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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The oral stage is the initial phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, occurring from birth to approximately 12 to 18 months. During this period, the infant's mouth serves as the primary source of pleasure, with actions such as sucking, chewing, biting, and drinking playing a crucial role in reducing tension. These activities are essential not only for nourishment but also for the infant's psychological and emotional satisfaction.
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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
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Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Oral pemphigus.

Luca Giannetti1, Luigi Generali2, Carlo Bertoldi2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, Transplantation Morphology, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - luca.giannetti@unimore.it.

Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana Di Dermatologia E Sifilografia
|March 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pemphigus vulgaris and related autoimmune blistering diseases often begin in the oral mucosa. Early treatment with Rituximab shows promise for managing these challenging oral lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Oral mucosal involvement is common in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and related autoimmune blistering diseases, often preceding skin lesions.
  • These conditions involve intraepidermal bullae caused by acantholysis, mediated by IgG autoantibodies targeting desmogleins on keratinocytes, confirming their autoimmune basis.
  • Oral lesions can be more treatment-resistant than skin lesions and are linked to disease duration, location, and potential HSV DNA presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of oral mucosal lesions in autoimmune blistering diseases.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating oral lesions and identify associated factors.
  • To discuss the emerging role of targeted therapies like Rituximab.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pemphigus vulgaris and related conditions.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to oral lesion severity and treatment resistance.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic outcomes, particularly with Rituximab.

Main Results:

  • Oral mucosal lesions are a frequent and often early manifestation of PV and related disorders.
  • Acantholysis, driven by autoantibodies against desmogleins, underlies blister formation.
  • Oral lesions exhibit greater treatment refractoriness compared to cutaneous lesions, with disease duration and HSV DNA as potential contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune blistering diseases frequently impact the oral mucosa, presenting therapeutic challenges.
  • Rituximab demonstrates potential efficacy in the early treatment of these conditions.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize management strategies for oral mucosal involvement.