Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

15.2K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
15.2K
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

4.5K
4.5K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

8.6K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
8.6K
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

5.2K
The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
5.2K
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

62.5K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
62.5K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.7K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Protein kinase C theta: evolution, regulation, and function.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same author

Sex-specific disruptions in PKCγ signaling in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 14.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

C-spine mutations of protein kinase C and Akt as a novel generalizable approach to create stable pseudokinases.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

A PKCη missense mutation enhances Golgi-localized signaling and is associated with recessively inherited familial Alzheimer's disease.

Science signaling·2025
Same author

A Catalytically Inactive Protein Kinase C alpha Mutation Drives Chordoid Glioma by Pathway Rewiring.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Protein kinase C eta enhances Golgi-localized signaling and is associated with Alzheimer's disease using a recessive mode of inheritance.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.4K

Protein kinase C: perfectly balanced.

Alexandra C Newton1

  • 1a Department of Pharmacology , University of California at San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|March 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, once thought to promote cancer, actually act as tumor suppressors. Restoring their activity, not inhibiting it, may be key for cancer therapies, while overactivity links to diseases like Alzheimer's.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseProtein kinase Ccancerdiacylglycerolphorbol estersphosphorylationpseudosubstratetumor suppressor

More Related Videos

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

8.3K
Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.4K
Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

8.3K
Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are Ser/Thr kinases regulated by lipid second messengers or protein scaffolds.
  • Historically, PKC was considered an oncoprotein due to its interaction with phorbol esters, leading to targeted inhibition in cancer trials.
  • These trials yielded poor outcomes, prompting a re-evaluation of PKC's role in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms controlling PKC isozyme activity.
  • To explore the consequences of deregulated PKC activity in diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
  • To challenge the traditional view of PKC as an oncoprotein and propose a new therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PKC isozyme regulation, cancer mutations, and expression levels.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for PKC inhibitor efficacy.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting a tumor suppressor role for PKC.

Main Results:

  • PKC isozymes generally function as tumor suppressors, with reduced activity linked to cancer development.
  • Inhibiting PKC in cancer therapies has proven ineffective and sometimes detrimental.
  • Enhanced PKC activity is associated with neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • PKC activity must be precisely balanced; dysregulation has severe consequences.
  • Restoring PKC activity, rather than inhibiting it, is a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
  • PKC isozymes exemplify the principle of maintaining balance, crucial for health and disease prevention.