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Solvents01:12

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives.

Yang Liu, J Brent Friesen1, James B McAlpine

  • 1Department of Physical Sciences, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences , Dominican University , River Forest , Illinois 60305 , United States.

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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) offer unique properties for dissolving poorly soluble compounds. This review explores NADES applications in natural product research, highlighting their potential in extraction, chromatography, and biomedical fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are functional liquid media with excellent solvency for hydrophobic compounds.
  • Their biodegradability and biocompatibility make them sustainable alternatives to organic solvents and ionic liquids.
  • Understanding NADES is crucial for advancing natural product (NP) research due to their unique matrix properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and applications of NADES in natural product (NP) research.
  • To provide a chronological and statistical analysis of NADES in NP studies.
  • To identify future research directions for NADES in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing reports on NADES in NP research.
  • Chronological and statistical evaluation of NADES applications.
  • Discussion of NADES influence on metabolomic studies of natural products.

Main Results:

  • NADES exhibit distinct properties influenced by factors like water content and temperature, posing metabolomic challenges.
  • Applications of NADES in NP research include extraction, chromatography, and biomedical uses.
  • The chemical diversity of metabolites in NADES formation reveals the importance of primordial metabolites (PRIMs).

Conclusions:

  • NADES are promising media for NP research, offering unique advantages over traditional solvents.
  • Further investigation into NADES is needed to fully exploit their potential in various scientific domains.
  • The role of PRIMs in NP bioactivity and function, facilitated by NADES, warrants deeper exploration.