Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Altruism01:03

Altruism

47.4K
Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
47.4K
Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

93.4K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
93.4K
Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

6.2K
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
6.2K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

40.7K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
40.7K
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

31.5K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
31.5K
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

41.1K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
41.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dwarf mongooses pre-emptively alter their behaviour relative to the threat posed by different rival groups.

Nature ecology & evolution·2026
Same author

In praise of parasitoids: how public engagement and citizen science can be used to improve the perceptions of an overlooked taxon.

Current opinion in insect science·2026
Same author

Comparing Phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) and Targeted Approaches for OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Migraine Treatment.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2026
Same author

Reward inequity can promote both public goods production and free riding.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Limits to behavioural plasticity in tropical paper wasps.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

The National Project on Achievement in Twins: Integrating Across Data Resources in the United States.

Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products
06:47

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products

Published on: December 5, 2020

7.4K

Altruism in a volatile world.

Patrick Kennedy1, Andrew D Higginson2, Andrew N Radford1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.

Nature
|March 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altruism, or costly self-sacrifice, can evolve by reducing environmental variability for relatives, even with lower average success. This bet-hedging strategy enhances inclusive fitness in unpredictable natural environments.

More Related Videos

Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling
05:22

Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling

Published on: December 10, 2019

7.6K
Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
11:02

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Published on: March 30, 2012

22.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products
06:47

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products

Published on: December 5, 2020

7.4K
Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling
05:22

Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling

Published on: December 10, 2019

7.6K
Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
11:02

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Published on: March 30, 2012

22.4K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • The evolution of altruism, defined as costly self-sacrifice for others, remains a significant question in biology.
  • Existing theories, like inclusive fitness and Hamilton's rule, primarily focus on average reproductive success and often overlook environmental variability.
  • Empirical observations link altruism with environmental stochasticity, a pattern not fully explained by current models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate Hamilton's rule by incorporating environmental stochasticity.
  • To develop new predictions for the evolution of altruism under variable conditions.
  • To explore the link between bet-hedging strategies and the evolution of altruistic behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of Hamilton's rule with explicit consideration of stochasticity.
  • Mathematical modeling to analyze the impact of reduced offspring variability on genotype success.
  • Analysis of selective pressures related to volatility suppression.

Main Results:

  • Altruistic behaviors can evolve by stabilizing the number of offspring produced by relatives, thereby increasing long-term genotypic success.
  • Costly altruism is favored even when it reduces the average reproductive success of recipients.
  • The selective pressure for altruism that suppresses volatility is proportional to population fitness variation.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental stochasticity is a crucial factor in understanding the evolution of altruism.
  • Altruism can function as a bet-hedging strategy, enhancing fitness through risk reduction.
  • This study reveals previously unconsidered fitness effects relevant to the evolution of social behavior.