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Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Published on: January 3, 2020

Robotic pancreatic surgery: old concerns, new perspectives.

Marco Vito Marino¹, Galyna Shabat¹, Oleksii Potapov²

¹a Department of Emergency and General Surgery , P. Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

|March 9, 2018

Summary

Robotic pancreatic surgery is safe and feasible for selected patients, showing acceptable complication rates. Further research is needed to confirm long-term oncologic outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords:

Robotic pancreatic surgery distal pancreatectomy pancreatic fistula pancreaticoduodenectomy postoperative complications

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Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

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Published on: January 3, 2020

Robotic Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy for Chronic Pancreatitis

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Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection

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Published on: February 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Minimally Invasive Surgery
Surgical Oncology
Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

Robotic pancreatic surgery, introduced in 2003, demonstrates promising outcomes.
Evaluation of post-operative results is crucial for novel surgical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the outcomes of robotic pancreatic surgery.
To assess the feasibility and safety of this innovative approach.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database.
Inclusion of patients undergoing robotic pancreatic surgery for malignant and benign conditions.

Main Results:

50 patients underwent robotic pancreatic surgery (26 pancreaticoduodenectomy, 24 distal pancreatectomy).
88% R0 resection rate achieved in selected malignant tumors.
Acceptable major complication (15%) and pancreatic fistula (16%) rates.
Two-year overall survival was 65%.

Conclusions:

Robotic pancreatic surgery appears safe and feasible in highly selected patients.
Cost-effectiveness and long-term oncologic results require further investigation.