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Altered velocity gradient in lower limb chronic venous disease
Sergio Gianesini1, Francesco Sisini2, Erica Menegatti1
11 Vascular Disease Center, Unit of Translational Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Phlebology
|March 9, 2018
Summary
In chronic venous disease, the normal blood flow velocity gradient is inverted. This study reveals altered venous kinetics, offering new insights into venous drainage direction in patients with this condition.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Physiology
- Medical Diagnostics
- Hemodynamics
Background:
- Physiological venous blood flow velocity is typically highest in deep veins, followed by saphenous veins, and then tributaries.
- Variations in venous velocity are linked to pressure gradient changes.
- Understanding these dynamics is crucial for diagnosing venous disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in venous kinetics within the superficial venous system of patients with chronic venous disease.
- To determine if changes in venous velocity gradients can aid in identifying the direction of venous drainage.
Main Methods:
- Venous ultrasound scanning was conducted on 40 lower limbs from 28 patients diagnosed with chronic venous disease (C2-6Ep,As,Pr).
- Blood flow velocities were measured at three specific locations: the great saphenous vein 2 cm above the incompetent tributary origin (Group-A), the great saphenous vein 2 cm below the tributary origin (Group-B), and the tributary 2 cm from its junction with the great saphenous vein (Group-C).
Main Results:
- A significant finding was the inversion of the physiological velocity gradient in chronic venous disease patients.
- Diastolic time-averaged velocity was significantly higher in the tributary (Group-C: -21.3 ± 8.5 cm/s) compared to both the great saphenous vein segments (Group-A: -15.7 ± 5.2 cm/s; p=0.0001) and (Group-B: -11.1 ± 2.9 cm/s; p=0.0001).
Conclusions:
- Chronic venous disease is characterized by a reversed venous velocity gradient.
- These objective hemodynamic findings provide a basis for further research into determining venous drainage direction in affected individuals.
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