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Epitranscriptomics: A New Regulatory Mechanism of Brain Development and Function.

Florian Noack¹, Federico Calegari¹

¹DFG-Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|March 9, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RNA modifications, like N6-methyladenosine, regulate stem cell differentiation and gene expression. New CRISPR-Cas tools enable functional studies of the epitranscriptome in neural stem cells.

Keywords:

5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-methylcytosine N6-methyladenosine RNA-epigenetics brain development epitranscriptome-editing epitranscriptomics neural stem cells

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
RNA Biology

Background:

Epigenetic DNA and chromatin modifications regulate cell functions.
The role of RNA modifications (epitranscriptome) in gene regulation is emerging.
Over 160 RNA modifications exist, but their functions are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of RNA modifications in somatic stem cell differentiation.
To investigate epitranscriptome dynamics during neural stem cell development.
To discuss novel CRISPR-Cas systems for epitranscriptome editing.

Main Methods:

Analysis of RNA modification maps.
Utilizing CRISPR-Cas editing platforms for RNA targeting.
Investigating N6-methyladenosine and 5-(hydroxy-)methylcytosine in stem cells.

Main Results:

RNA modifications are dynamically regulated during stem cell differentiation and brain development.
N6-methyladenosine and 5-(hydroxy-)methylcytosine play roles in somatic stem cell differentiation.
CRISPR-Cas systems offer new avenues for epitranscriptome editing.

Conclusions:

The epitranscriptome represents a novel regulatory layer in gene expression and cell differentiation.
Understanding RNA modifications is crucial for stem cell biology and neuroscience.
CRISPR-based epitranscriptome editing holds potential for stem cell reprogramming.