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Rethinking immigration policy theory beyond 'Western liberal democracies'.

Katharina Natter1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Comparative Migration Studies
|March 9, 2018
PubMed
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Political systems significantly influence immigration policies. This study proposes a new framework to analyze immigration policymaking across diverse political systems, challenging existing Western-centric theories and introducing the

Area of Science:

  • Comparative Politics
  • Migration Studies
  • Public Policy Analysis

Background:

  • Existing literature on immigration policy predominantly focuses on Western liberal democracies, leaving the 'regime effect' largely untested.
  • Theories linking immigration policy to political systems are undertheorized, especially concerning variations across different regime types.
  • Essentialist categories like Western/non-Western or democratic/autocratic limit nuanced understanding of immigration policymaking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the theoretical utility of dichotomous political system categories in immigration policy research.
  • To propose a more nuanced, two-dimensional classification of immigration policy theories: 'issue-specific' and 'regime-specific'.
  • To advance the 'illiberal paradox' hypothesis explaining liberal policies in autocratic states and to theorize immigration policymaking globally.
Keywords:
AutocracyDemocracyImmigration policy theoryMigration policyMoroccoPolicy-makingPolitical regimesTunisia

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Main Methods:

  • Theoretical development of a two-dimensional classification for immigration policy theories.
  • Advancement of the 'illiberal paradox' hypothesis.
  • Case study analysis of immigration policy-making in 21st-century Morocco and Tunisia, examining institutional, interest-based, and ideational factors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates that political systems, including monarchies and transitioning democracies, significantly shape immigration policy.
  • Illustrates how domestic and international factors influence immigration policy in diverse political contexts.
  • Provides empirical support for the 'illiberal paradox' hypothesis and the proposed theoretical framework.

Conclusions:

  • Calls for a move beyond Western-centric and simplistic regime categories for a more global theory of immigration policymaking.
  • Highlights the importance of considering specific regime characteristics and issue-specific dynamics in policy analysis.
  • Suggests that a nuanced approach is crucial for understanding the complex interplay between political systems and immigration policies worldwide.