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Related Concept Videos

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
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Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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Fabrication of a Functionalized Magnetic Bacterial Nanocellulose with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
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Catalytically Active Bacterial Nanocellulose-Based Ultrafiltration Membrane.

Ting Xu1, Qisheng Jiang2, Deoukchen Ghim3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new bacterial nanocellulose membrane loaded with graphene oxide and palladium nanoparticles efficiently removes toxic organic dyes from wastewater. This scalable Pd/GO/BNC membrane shows high degradation rates and stable performance for industrial applications.

Keywords:
bacterial nanocellulosescatalytical activitydye degradationgraphene oxides (GOs)palladium nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Industrial wastewater frequently contains toxic organic dyes, posing significant treatment challenges.
  • Developing efficient and robust membranes is crucial for effective wastewater purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) based membrane integrated with graphene oxide (GO) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment.
  • To evaluate the efficiency, stability, and reusability of the fabricated Pd/GO/BNC membrane in degrading organic dyes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of the Pd/GO/BNC membrane via in situ incorporation of GO into BNC matrix during growth, followed by in situ formation of Pd nanoparticles.
  • Filtration experiments to assess methylene orange (MO) degradation efficiency across various conditions (concentration, pH, reuse cycles).
  • Testing the membrane's capability to treat a mixture of common organic contaminants and evaluating its hydraulic performance (flux, stability).

Main Results:

  • The Pd/GO/BNC membrane achieved over 99.3% degradation of methylene orange (MO) under diverse conditions and multiple reuse cycles.
  • Simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants, including 4-nitrophenol, methylene blue, and rhodamine 6G, was demonstrated.
  • The membrane exhibited a stable flux of 33.1 L m⁻² h⁻¹ at 58 psi over extended operation periods.

Conclusions:

  • The novel Pd/GO/BNC membrane offers a highly efficient and robust solution for removing toxic organic dyes from industrial wastewater.
  • The membrane's scalability and stable performance indicate significant potential for practical wastewater treatment applications.
  • This BNC-based nanocomposite membrane represents a promising advancement in environmental remediation technologies.