Global human papilloma virus vaccine implementation: An update

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection with oncogenic potential, linked to anogenital malignancies and oropharyngeal cancers.
• While cervical cancer rates decline, HPV-associated head and neck cancers are rising, highlighting the need for widespread HPV vaccination, including for adolescent males.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated global overview of the current status of HPV vaccination.
• To inform clinicians counseling parents on vaccinating preadolescents against HPV.
• To examine current viewpoints, controversies, and ethical considerations surrounding HPV vaccine implementation.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review utilizing an electronic database search.
• Data retrieval focused on HPV vaccine implementation from July 2006 to 2017.
• Emphasis on global viewpoints, controversies, and ethical issues.

Main Results:

• 74 countries have incorporated the HPV vaccine into national immunization schedules; WHO lists it as an essential medicine.
• Approximately 60% of low- and lower-middle-income countries have adopted the vaccine, supported by Gavi and WHO.
• Available data from diverse economic settings indicate the HPV vaccine is safe with no serious adverse effects.

Conclusions:

• The HPV vaccine is a safe and essential tool for cancer prevention, with increasing global adoption.
• Continued long-term follow-up is necessary to fully assess the impact of HPV vaccination programs on cancer rates.
• Expanding vaccination programs, particularly for adolescent boys, is vital given the rise in HPV-associated head and neck cancers.