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Evolution of heterotrophy in chrysophytes as reflected by comparative transcriptomics.

Nadine Graupner1, Manfred Jensen1, Christina Bock1

  • 1Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.

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Summary

Chrysophytes frequently switch nutritional modes. This study reveals the molecular pathways and structural changes during the transition from mixotrophy to heterotrophy in Ochromonadales, detailing plastid reduction.

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Molecular biology
  • * Phycology

Background:

  • * Eukaryotic nutritional modes (phototrophy, mixotrophy, heterotrophy) exhibit dynamic evolutionary shifts.
  • * Chrysophytes display recurrent transitions between nutritional modes, offering insights into molecular adaptation.
  • * Plastid structures and associated metabolic pathways undergo reduction during nutritional mode transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary succession of nutritional mode shifts in Ochromonadales.
  • * To compare transcriptomes of mixotrophic and heterotrophic chrysophytes to understand plastid reduction.
  • * To identify specific photosynthesis-related pathways and plastid structures affected during the transition to heterotrophy.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative transcriptome analysis of Poterioochromonas malhamensis (mixotrophic) and three obligate heterotrophic Ochromonadales species.
  • * Utilization of P. malhamensis transcriptome as a reference for plastid reduction.
  • * Investigation of key photosynthesis-related pathways (xanthophyll cycle, mevalonate pathway, shikimate pathway, tryptophan biosynthesis) and plastid structures.

Main Results:

  • * Transcriptomic data revealed varying degrees of plastid reduction across the analyzed heterotrophic taxa.
  • * Specific photosynthesis-related pathways showed evidence of reduction and degradation.
  • * A potential stepwise succession of pathway reduction and degradation of associated plastid structures was postulated.

Conclusions:

  • * The study provides a molecular framework for understanding nutritional diversification in chrysophytes.
  • * It elucidates the process of plastid reduction accompanying the shift from mixotrophy to heterotrophy.
  • * Findings highlight parallel evolution in pathway reduction and structural degradation during nutritional mode transitions.