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Evaluating Human Intestinal Cell Lines for Studying Dietary Protein Absorption.
Paulus G M Jochems1, Johan Garssen2,3, Antonius M van Keulen4
1Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.g.m.jochems@uu.nl.
Sustainable protein sources are crucial for a growing population. This review examines amino acid and peptide transporters in intestinal cell models, highlighting new 3D culture methods for predicting nutritional quality.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Cell Biology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Rising global population necessitates sustainable, nutrient-rich protein sources.
- Proteins are vital macronutrients involved in numerous human biological processes.
- Intestinal absorption is key to protein bioavailability and nutritional value.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review amino acid and peptide transporter presence and activity in common intestinal cell models.
- To discuss factors influencing cell model performance, such as inter-laboratory variability and micro-environment.
- To highlight advanced 3D cell culture systems for evaluating novel food proteins.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on intestinal cell models (Caco-2, HT-29, HT-29/MTX, T84).
- Analysis of data on peptide and amino acid transporter expression and function.
- Evaluation of emerging technologies like gut-on-chips systems.
Main Results:
- Established intestinal cell lines exhibit varying profiles of amino acid and peptide transporters.
- Cell culture conditions significantly impact transporter activity and model reliability.
- 3D culture systems show promise for more accurate bioavailability predictions.
Conclusions:
- Intestinal cell models are valuable tools for assessing protein bioavailability, but their limitations must be acknowledged.
- Optimizing culture conditions and exploring advanced models like gut-on-chips are essential for future research.
- These advancements will aid in developing sustainable proteins for future human diets.
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