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Single multimode fiber endoscope.

Antonio M Caravaca-Aguirre, Rafael Piestun

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    Summary

    This study introduces a scanning fluorescence endoscope using multimode fibers for spatial imaging. A graded-index fiber enables robust focus scanning, overcoming dispersion challenges for endoscopic microscopy.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Biomedical Imaging
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Multimode fibers (MMF) offer high spatial information capacity but suffer from mode dispersion and coupling, limiting endoscopic applications.
    • Existing endoscopic imaging techniques face challenges with resolution, field of view, and robustness in biological environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust scanning fluorescence endoscope capable of overcoming the limitations of multimode fiber dispersion.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of using shaped wavefronts for scanning fluorescence microscopy through multimode fibers.

    Main Methods:

    • A scanning fluorescence endoscope was designed utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) to shape excitation wavefronts.
    • The SLM focused light onto the distal fiber tip and scanned the focus across the sample.

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  • Fluorescence emission was collected by a detector array at the proximal fiber tip.

    • Main Results:

    • The selection of the multimode fiber type is critical for calibration and signal-to-background ratio.
    • A graded-index fiber demonstrated robust focus translation tolerance (millimeters).
    • The developed endoscope achieved 2µm resolution over an 80µm field of view.

    Conclusions:

    • A robust scanning fluorescence endoscope was successfully developed, addressing MMF dispersion challenges.
    • Graded-index fibers are suitable for high-resolution endoscopic imaging applications.
    • This technology enables advanced in-situ fluorescence microscopy in challenging environments.