Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation
Published on: April 18, 2012
[Loss of kidney function caused by implanted gentamicin sponges]
S L Verweij1, N H Schut, R E A M Zwartelé
1Stichting Apotheek der Haarlemse Ziekenhuizen, Haarlem.
Background:
Infected joint replacements can be treated with gentamicin-containing materials for implantation. This may lead to side effects, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Case Description:
A 74-year-old woman underwent two surgeries for an acutely infected hip replacement. Gentamicin sponges (Garacol) were implanted during both interventions. The day after the second operation, her serum gentamicin levels had risen to toxic values. This confirmed the suspicion that she had a kidney impairment which was probably caused by the implanted gentamicin-containing sponges. In order to limit kidney damage, the patient received continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHD). Outpatient check-up 3 months later found that the creatinine levels in the serum of the patient had normalised.
Conclusion:
Locally administered gentamicin sponges for implantation can cause therapeutic serum levels leading to systemic side effects. It is advisable to check kidney function before using the sponges. If this is reduced, it is recommended to be cautious when using these sponges for implantation. In case of toxic elevated values, CVVHD can limit kidney damage - which is reversible, given time - by accelerating gentamicin excretion.
Related Concept Videos
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Line Loss
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
Kidney Structure
Reducing Line Loss
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Major Losses in Pipes
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
Minor Losses in Pipes
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...

