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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
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Spectrum of Restrictive and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: Part 2 of a 2-Part Series

Naveen L Pereira1, Martha Grogan1, G William Dec2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|March 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Restrictive cardiomyopathies, a rare heart muscle disease, are increasingly diagnosed in elderly patients with preserved ejection fraction, especially cardiac amyloidosis. Early diagnosis through noninvasive methods improves outcomes with targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Heart Muscle Diseases

Background:

  • Restrictive cardiomyopathies represent the least common category of heart muscle diseases.
  • These conditions are classified as infiltrative, noninfiltrative, storage diseases, or endomyocardial disorders.
  • While genetic forms often manifest in childhood, elderly individuals with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are increasingly diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy, notably cardiac amyloidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic implications of restrictive cardiomyopathies.
  • To highlight the evolving recognition of restrictive cardiomyopathies in the elderly population.
  • To emphasize the shift towards noninvasive diagnostic modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on restrictive cardiomyopathies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies for various etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Noninvasive evaluation is now the primary diagnostic tool, largely supplanting endomyocardial biopsy.
  • Cardiac amyloidosis is a significant cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in older adults with preserved ejection fraction.
  • Early detection of infiltrative cardiomyopathies, including iron overload and sarcoidosis, enables disease-specific treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Restrictive cardiomyopathies, though rare, require careful diagnosis, particularly in the elderly.
  • Noninvasive imaging plays a crucial role in identifying infiltrative cardiomyopathies.
  • Timely, etiology-specific therapies can lead to improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
heart failurerestrictive cardiomyopathysarcoidosis

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