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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
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Memory deficits.

Costanza Papagno1

  • 1CIMeC and CeRiN, University of Trento, Rovereto; and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center Milano, Milan, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parietal lobe lesions impair short-term verbal and visuospatial memory. While episodic and autobiographic memory remain intact, the parietal lobe is crucial for the subjective experience of recollection and semantic memory of abstract concepts.

Keywords:
autobiographic memoryepisodic memoryfalse memoriesprospective memorysemantic memoryshort-term memorysubjective recollection

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The parietal lobe plays a complex role in memory functions.
  • Previous research has indicated varied effects of parietal lesions on different memory types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuropsychologic literature on memory deficits after parietal lesions.
  • To clarify the specific roles of the parietal lobe in various memory systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuropsychologic literature.
  • Analysis of studies on patients with unilateral and bilateral parietal lesions.
  • Consideration of neuroimaging findings related to parietal cortex activation during memory tasks.

Main Results:

  • Left inferior parietal lobule lesions specifically impair verbal short-term memory.
  • Right parietal lesions are associated with deficits in visuospatial short-term memory.
  • Episodic and autobiographic memory appear unaffected by parietal lesions.
  • The parietal lobe is hypothesized to be involved in the subjective experience of recollection, with patients showing reduced false memories and lower confidence.
  • Parietal lobes contribute to semantic memory for abstract concepts.
  • Emerging evidence suggests parietal lobe involvement in prospective memory networks.

Conclusions:

  • Parietal lobe lesions have distinct effects on short-term memory subtypes.
  • The parietal lobe's primary role in memory may lie in the subjective experience of recollection and certain aspects of semantic and prospective memory.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the parietal lobe's contribution to memory networks.