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Domain-General and Domain-Specific Patterns of Activity Supporting Metacognition in Human Prefrontal Cortex.

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  • 1Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, jorge.morales@columbia.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Metacognition, the ability to assess cognitive performance, involves both domain-specific and domain-general neural processes. This study reveals distinct brain activity patterns for memory and perception, alongside shared signals for confidence and accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Psychology

Background:

  • Metacognition, or the evaluation of one's own cognitive processes, is crucial for learning and decision-making.
  • A key debate in metacognition research concerns whether it relies on a domain-general resource or domain-specific mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrates underlying metacognitive judgments in both perceptual and memory tasks.
  • To determine if metacognitive processes are domain-specific or domain-general by comparing brain activity patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity in human participants.
  • Multivariate decoding techniques were applied to analyze patterns of fMRI activity during metacognitive judgments.

Main Results:

  • Domain-specific metacognitive representations were identified in the anterior prefrontal cortex, predicting confidence in a task-specific manner.
  • Domain-general signals related to confidence and accuracy were found in a widespread network across frontal and midline brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Metacognitive judgments involve a combination of domain-specific and domain-general neural processes.
  • These findings reconcile conflicting previous research and suggest a content-rich mechanism supporting introspection and cognitive control.