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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Microbial Growth Measurement: Direct Methods01:23

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Direct methods for measuring microbial populations in a culture are essential tools in microbiology, providing quantitative data for various applications. Among these, microscopic counts, plate counts, and serial dilution are widely used techniques, each with unique principles and applications.Microscopic CountsMicroscopic counting involves the use of a Petroff-Hausser chamber, a specialized microscope slide with a grid and defined depth. By observing a liquid culture under a microscope,...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry
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Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry

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Cabozantinib Affects Osteosarcoma Growth Through A Direct Effect On Tumor Cells and Modifications In Bone

M Fioramonti1, V Fausti2,3, F Pantano4

  • 1Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy. ma.fioramonti@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cabozantinib (CBZ) shows promise in treating osteosarcoma (OS) by inhibiting cancer cell growth and migration. This novel therapy also impacts the bone microenvironment, suggesting a dual-action approach for osteosarcoma treatment.

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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer.
  • OS exhibits high heterogeneity and resistance to standard treatments due to microenvironment survival signals.
  • The c-MET oncogene is implicated in OS initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of cabozantinib (CBZ), a c-MET inhibitor, against OS.
  • To investigate CBZ's direct effects on OS cells.
  • To assess CBZ's impact on the bone tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro models of OS were treated with varying doses of CBZ.
  • Co-culture systems with bone cells were used to mimic the OS-tumor microenvironment.
  • ERK and AKT signaling pathways were analyzed.
  • Osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand production by osteoblasts were measured.

Main Results:

  • CBZ significantly decreased OS cell proliferation and migration.
  • CBZ inhibited ERK and AKT signaling pathways in OS cells.
  • CBZ reduced proliferation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)-expressing OS cells.
  • CBZ modulated the bone microenvironment by increasing osteoprotegerin and decreasing RANK ligand production.

Conclusions:

  • Cabozantinib (CBZ) demonstrates potential as a novel therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma.
  • CBZ exerts its effects by targeting OS cells directly and influencing the bone microenvironment.
  • RANK expression on OS cells may serve as a predictive biomarker for treatment response to CBZ.