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Phenotypic plasticity allows species to adapt to changing environments. However, limited genetic variation for plasticity in Afrotropical butterflies may hinder their ability to evolve with climate change, increasing vulnerability.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity is a key adaptation to environmental fluctuations.
  • Its role in facilitating evolutionary adaptation to climate change is debated.
  • Seasonal plasticity in Afrotropical butterflies presents a model for this investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate seasonal phenotypic plasticity and adaptive potential in an Afrotropical butterfly.
  • To assess the transcriptional basis of plasticity across seasonal phenotypes.
  • To determine the genetic variation for plasticity within the population.

Main Methods:

  • Full-factorial analysis of heritable and environmental effects on 72 individuals.
  • Transcriptional architecture assessment to identify gene expression differences.
  • Analysis of intra-population genetic variation for plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Pervasive gene expression differences were found between dry and wet season phenotypes.
  • Intra-population genetic variation for plasticity was largely absent.
  • Specialization to specific environmental cues predicting seasonal transitions was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Deteriorating environmental cues under climate change may increase maladaptive mismatches.
  • Limited genetic variation for plasticity restricts evolutionary responses.
  • Seasonally plastic species may be particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts.