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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

222.0K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope

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Microscopic diffusion processes measured in living planarians.

Eugene Mamontov1

  • 1Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. mamontove@ornl.gov.

Scientific Reports
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quasielastic neutron scattering revealed surprisingly consistent microscopic diffusion of cell components in planarian flatworms. Water diffusion varied more than cell constituent diffusion across temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Planarian flatworms are complex biological systems.
  • Understanding molecular dynamics in living organisms is crucial.
  • Microscopic diffusion governs cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure microscopic diffusion of water and cell constituents in living planarians.
  • To investigate diffusion dynamics on pico-to-nanosecond and nanometer scales.
  • To assess the variability of diffusion in a complex biological system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS).
  • Probed living planarian flatworms.
  • Measured diffusion coefficients at the nanoscale.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated well-defined microscopic diffusivities in living planarians.
  • Observed significantly lower variation in cell constituent diffusivity compared to water diffusivity.
  • Diffusion measurements were conducted across a temperature range of 284.5 to 304.1 K.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic diffusion in planarians is surprisingly consistent, especially for cell constituents.
  • Water molecule dynamics exhibit greater variability than intracellular component dynamics.
  • QENS is a powerful tool for probing molecular motion in complex living systems.