Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

25.0K
Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
25.0K
Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

312
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
312
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.1K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
1.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

933
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
933
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

8.0K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
8.0K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

24.5K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
24.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Safety of Biologic and Immune-modulating Agents in Breast Surgery Procedures: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2026
Same author

Safety of Breast Neurotization Using Nerve Allografts in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Nationwide Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same author

Psychiatric Comorbidities Requiring Antidepressant Therapy and Their Impact on Wound Healing and Postoperative Complications in Facial Plastic Surgery: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Approaches to Occipital Neuralgia Treatment: A Systematic Review and Case Examples.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2026
Same author

Impact of Facial Surgery Scars on Quality-of-Life: Perspectives of East Asian and White Patients.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2025
Same author

Effect of early mobilization on 30-day wound complications following sacral amputation for en bloc tumor resection.

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation
07:28

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Published on: October 11, 2024

789

Decreasing ALT donor site morbidity with the keystone flap.

Sergey Y Turin1, Jamie A Spitz2, Karina Alexander2

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Microsurgery
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Keystone flap offers a safe alternative for managing anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap donor sites when primary closure is not feasible. This method effectively avoids skin grafts and associated donor site morbidity.

More Related Videos

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
08:18

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

Published on: January 11, 2016

8.7K
Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research
09:36

Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research

Published on: April 26, 2019

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation
07:28

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Published on: October 11, 2024

789
Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
08:18

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

Published on: January 11, 2016

8.7K
Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research
09:36

Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research

Published on: April 26, 2019

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps are versatile for wound reconstruction.
  • Large skin paddle defects in ALT flaps can lead to significant donor site morbidity.
  • Skin grafting is often required for closure when primary closure of ALT donor sites is not possible.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed six patients who underwent ALT flap reconstruction with keystone flap closure of the donor site.
  • The average ALT skin paddle width was 7.8 cm, precluding primary closure.
  • Keystone flap dimensions averaged 9.5 × 17.8 cm, with no major complications reported.

Findings:

  • Keystone flap closure of ALT donor sites is a viable strategy for defects exceeding 8 cm in width.
  • This technique successfully avoided the need for skin grafting in all reviewed cases.
  • No significant donor or recipient site complications or decreased range of motion were observed.

Implications:

  • The Keystone flap is a safe and effective method to manage ALT flap donor sites, minimizing morbidity.
  • This approach can prevent the complications associated with secondary skin grafting.
  • It expands reconstructive options for complex ALT flap donor site closures.