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Spin-orbit coupling induced three-dimensional topological objects in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates.

Liang-Liang Xu¹, Yong-Kai Liu², Shi-Jie Yang¹

¹Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|March 10, 2018

Summary

Spin-orbit coupling stabilizes attractive Bose-Einstein condensates, preventing collapse in three dimensions. This coupling enables the formation of stable topological structures like skyrmions and dimerons, representing lowest energy states.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Atomic physics
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Attractive Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in dilute alkali gases are inherently unstable in free space, prone to collapse.
This instability limits their potential applications and theoretical exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the stabilizing effect of spin-orbit coupling on attractive BECs.
To explore the formation and nature of stable structures within these spin-orbit coupled condensates.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling.
Analysis of system stability against collapse.
Identification and characterization of emergent topological objects.

Main Results:

Spin-orbit coupling effectively counteracts the collapse instability in three-dimensional BECs.
Stable topological configurations, identified as three-dimensional skyrmions and dimerons, are formed.
These topological objects represent the lowest energy states of the system.

Conclusions:

Spin-orbit coupling provides a mechanism to stabilize attractive Bose-Einstein condensates.
The formation of stable skyrmion and dimeron structures opens new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena and potential applications.