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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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CD59: a promising target for tumor immunotherapy.

Ronghua Zhang1, Qiaofei Liu1, Quan Liao1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.

Future Oncology (London, England)
|March 10, 2018
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CD59, a complement inhibitor, is highly expressed in cancers and impacts immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Modulating CD59 offers a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD59 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that inhibits the membrane attack complex, regulating complement activation.
  • Elevated CD59 expression is observed in various cancer cell lines and tumor tissues.
  • CD59 influences immune cell function, infiltration, and phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding CD59's functions and mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore the potential of targeting CD59 for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CD59 in cancer.
  • Analysis of CD59's role in complement regulation and immune cell modulation.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic strategies targeting CD59.

Main Results:

  • CD59 plays a significant role in regulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.
  • CD59 expression is linked to cancer progression and immune evasion.
  • Modulation of CD59 affects immune cell behavior and anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • CD59 is a critical regulator in the tumor microenvironment with implications for cancer progression.
  • Targeting CD59 presents a potential therapeutic avenue for enhancing anti-tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy.