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    An image-based setup accurately measures bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for materials like printed inks. This cost-effective method is validated against commercial instruments, showing reliable results within known uncertainty margins.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Color Science
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is crucial for understanding material appearance.
    • Traditional goniospectrophotometers are effective but can be expensive and bulky.
    • Developing accessible, image-based measurement techniques is an ongoing research area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate an image-based setup for measuring BRDF.
    • To validate the image-based setup against commercial goniospectrophotometers.
    • To assess the uncertainty and error propagation of the new measurement system.

    Main Methods:

    • An RGB camera-based system was developed for bidirectional reflectance measurements.
    • A conversion matrix, derived from monochromator-measured spectral sensitivities, calculated luminance.
    • Radiance factor measurements of wax-based ink on paper were compared between the image-based setup and a commercial goniospectrophotometer.

    Main Results:

    • The image-based setup demonstrated the capability to perform bidirectional reflectance measurements with quantifiable uncertainty.
    • Measurements from the image-based setup were consistent with, and within the uncertainty of, the commercial goniospectrophotometer.
    • The validated setup proved effective for materials similar to the tested wax-based ink on paper.

    Conclusions:

    • The image-based BRDF measurement setup is a viable and validated alternative to commercial instruments.
    • The system offers a reliable method for characterizing the optical properties of printed materials.
    • This approach provides a cost-effective solution for bidirectional reflectance measurements in the print and packaging industry.