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Related Concept Videos

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions01:29

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions

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Rational functions are expressions written as the ratio of two polynomials, and their integrals are evaluated by simplifying the integrand into manageable parts. These functions are classified as proper or improper based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator.A rational function is proper when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case, partial fraction decomposition is used to rewrite the function as a sum of simpler rational terms. The...
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Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

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Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
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Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals01:26

Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals

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Integration by parts is a fundamental technique in calculus for evaluating integrals involving the product of two functions. It is particularly useful when direct integration is not feasible. The method is based on the product rule for differentiation, which states that the derivative of a product equals the derivative of the first function times the second, plus the first function times the derivative of the second. By integrating this identity and rearranging terms, the integration by parts...
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Integration by Parts: Definite Integrals01:23

Integration by Parts: Definite Integrals

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Definite integrals involving the product of two functions over a fixed interval can be evaluated using integration by parts. This method rewrites the integral as the difference of a product evaluated at the endpoints and a remaining definite integral that is often simpler to compute.A representative example is the definite integral of the inverse tangent function. Since there is no direct integration formula for arctan ⁡x, the integrand is rewritten as a product of arctan⁡ x and the...
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Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
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The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

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While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
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A Multi-compartment CNS Neuron-glia Co-culture Microfluidic Platform
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Multi-function microfluidic platform for sensor integration.

Ana C Fernandes1, Daria Semenova1, Peter Panjan2

  • 1Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.

New Biotechnology
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a flexible microfluidic platform for integrating metabolite sensors, enabling rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput bioprocess screening. The system allows continuous glucose monitoring and adaptable sensor replacement for diverse applications.

Keywords:
In-flow glucose monitoringMicrofluidicsSample dilutionScreening platformSensor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Limited availability of metabolite sensors hinders bioprocess development.
  • Connecting measurement systems to high-throughput reactors remains a challenge.
  • Biocatalyst screening and characterization require efficient monitoring solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a sensor integration strategy for microfluidic platforms.
  • To enable rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput bioprocess screening.
  • To address the need for flexible and adaptable sensor systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a re-usable microfluidic platform with interchangeable sensor formats.
  • Integrated a two-sensor system with a mixing channel for sample dilution.
  • Connected the platform to analytical equipment using standardized fittings.
  • Demonstrated inline monitoring of glucose levels.

Main Results:

  • The platform supported continuous glucose measurement for up to 12 hours.
  • Observed the influence of fluid velocity on substrate diffusion.
  • Showcased the platform's flexibility and compatibility with various sensors and equipment.
  • Highlighted the need for in-flow calibration for quantitative accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic platform offers a versatile solution for bioprocess monitoring.
  • The system facilitates high-throughput screening and characterization of biocatalysts.
  • The platform's design addresses limitations in current bioprocess development tools.