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Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

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Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Control Systems: Applications01:25

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Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
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Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
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Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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CRISPR/dCas9 Switch Systems for Temporal Transcriptional Control.

Rutger A F Gjaltema1, Edda G Schulz2

  • 1Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. Gjaltema@molgen.mpg.de.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Rapidly inducible CRISPR/dCas9 systems offer precise temporal control over gene transcription. This review details molecular designs, strengths, and weaknesses of these dCas9 switches for researchers.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9Destabilizing domainDimerization domainERTEpigenome editingInteinOptogeneticsSplit proteinTemporal regulationTranscriptional modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized biological research.
  • Nuclease-deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) enables targeted transcriptional modulation.
  • Rapidly inducible systems are needed to study temporal aspects of gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current light and chemical-inducible CRISPR/dCas9 switch systems.
  • To analyze the strengths, flaws, and molecular designs of these systems.
  • To provide a guide for selecting appropriate systems for temporal transcriptional control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inducible CRISPR/dCas9 systems.
  • Analysis of molecular designs and mechanisms of action.
  • Comparison of system performance characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Various light and chemical-inducible switches have been developed for dCas9.
  • These systems modulate dCas9 at the protein level, affecting stability, activity, or binding.
  • Differences in molecular design impact the speed and efficacy of transcriptional control.

Conclusions:

  • Inducible CRISPR/dCas9 systems offer powerful tools for rapid temporal control of gene transcription.
  • Understanding system design is crucial for effective application.
  • This review serves as a selection guide for researchers.