Reproductive genetics and the aging male
Alexander N Yatsenko1, Paul J Turek2
1Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Room A206, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. yatsenkoan@mwri.magee.edu.
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|March 11, 2018
Summary
Advanced paternal age increases risks for offspring, including genetic and epigenetic changes, birth defects, and diseases like autism and schizophrenia. Genetic counseling and prenatal testing are recommended for concerned couples.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Advanced paternal age (APA) is defined as fathers aged 40 years and older.
- Spermatogenesis is a continuous process susceptible to accumulated damage with age.
- Sperm quality control mechanisms, including DNA repair, may decline with increasing paternal age.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on the effects of advanced paternal age on sperm genetics and epigenetics.
- To examine the association between paternal age and birth defects and diseases in offspring.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of published literature from PubMed was conducted.
Main Results:
- APA is linked to increased sperm DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, and single gene mutations.
- Offspring of older fathers show higher risks of miscarriage, fetal loss, single gene disorders, and congenital anomalies.
- APA is associated with an increased risk of autism, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric conditions in offspring.
Conclusions:
- Advanced paternal age poses significant genetic and epigenetic risks to offspring.
- The exact age threshold and magnitude of risk require further investigation.
- Genetic counseling and targeted prenatal testing are advised for couples considering conception with advanced paternal age.
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