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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast
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Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast

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The yeast replicative aging model.

Chong He1, Chuankai Zhou1, Brian K Kennedy2

  • 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease
|March 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a key model for aging research. Studies reveal how genetic and cellular processes interact to influence lifespan, offering a holistic view of aging.

Keywords:
Cell asymmetryDietary restriction (DR)MitochondriaProteostasisReactive oxygen species (ROS)Replicative lifespan (RLS)Retrograde responseRibosomal DNA (rDNA)SirtuinsTarget of rapamycin (TOR)Ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS)Yeast aging

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a model organism for aging research for nearly three decades.
  • The replicative aging assay, measuring mother cell divisions, is a fundamental tool in yeast aging studies.
  • Genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches have advanced our understanding of aging mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of replicative aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To highlight recent studies on how aging pathways interact to modulate yeast lifespan.
  • To provide a holistic view of aging in this single-celled model organism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the replicative aging assay to determine cell division potential.
  • Employing genetic approaches to identify genes affecting lifespan.
  • Applying cell biological and biochemical methods to study age-related cellular process alterations.

Main Results:

  • Hundreds of genes impacting yeast lifespan have been identified through genetic studies.
  • Cellular processes are increasingly understood to change with age in yeast.
  • Interactions between aging pathways are crucial for modulating lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a powerful and simple model for dissecting aging mechanisms.
  • Integrated genetic and cell biological approaches are essential for a holistic view of aging.
  • Understanding yeast aging pathways offers insights into fundamental aging processes.