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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor
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Hand and Wrist Injuries: Common Problems and Solutions.

Nicholas Pulos1, Sanjeev Kakar1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

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Summary

Common sports injuries affecting the hand and wrist in athletes include acute fractures and chronic sprains. Successful management requires accurate diagnosis and avoiding treatment-related complications for athletes with hand and wrist injuries.

Keywords:
Hook of hamateScaphoidScapholunate ligamentTFCCWrist arthroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Hand and Wrist Surgery

Background:

  • Hand and wrist injuries are prevalent among athletes.
  • These injuries encompass acute conditions like fractures and dislocations, and chronic issues such as sprains and strains.
  • Complications in treatment often stem from diagnostic errors or iatrogenic causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common sports-related hand and wrist injuries.
  • To discuss potential complications associated with their management.
  • To provide guidance for effective treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sports injuries affecting the hand and wrist.
  • Analysis of common injury types and their associated complications.
  • Synthesis of management principles and best practices.

Main Results:

  • Common injuries include fractures, dislocations, ligamentous tears, tendon injuries, sprains, and strains.
  • Key complications involve delayed or missed diagnoses and iatrogenic injuries from treatment.
  • Effective management hinges on prompt and accurate diagnosis and careful treatment planning.

Conclusions:

  • Athletes frequently sustain hand and wrist injuries requiring specialized care.
  • Awareness of potential diagnostic and treatment complications is crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Adherence to best practices in diagnosis and management improves patient recovery from sports injuries.