A hepatitis B vaccination program in a community teaching hospital

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Vaccinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant occupational risk in healthcare settings.
• Prescreening for HBV antibodies is crucial before vaccination to assess immunity and guide public health strategies.
• Understanding prevalence and risk factors informs targeted prevention and vaccination campaigns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibodies among hospital employees.
• To identify risk factors associated with higher HBV antibody prevalence.
• To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine in a healthcare worker population.

Main Methods:

• A prescreen for hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibodies was conducted in 1,745 hospital employees.
• Demographic data and occupational history were collected to identify risk factors.
• Hepatitis B vaccination was administered to susceptible employees, with response rates and adverse events monitored.

Main Results:

• 14.5% of employees tested had pre-existing HBV antibodies.
• Higher prevalence was linked to a history of hepatitis, blood transfusions, needlestick exposure, and years in the same work area.
• Asian and Black employees showed higher prevalence than Hispanic and White employees.
• 92.6% of vaccinated employees developed anti-HBs antibodies after three doses.
• Non-responders (older individuals, males) showed limited response to a fourth dose.
• Adverse reactions to the HB vaccine were minor; safety concerns were a primary reason for nonparticipation.

Conclusions:

• Prevalence of HBV antibodies varies among hospital employees based on demographics and occupational exposures.
• The hepatitis B (HB) vaccine is generally effective, but certain groups may require further investigation for optimal response.
• Addressing safety concerns is vital for improving vaccine uptake in healthcare settings.