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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Chronic Heart Failure.

Frank Edelmann1, Christoph Knosalla, Klaus Mörike

  • 1Medical Department, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of General Practice, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main; German Agency for Quality in Medicine (ÄZQ), Berlin; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center & Deptartment of Internal Medicine I, University and University Hospital Würzburg.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|March 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Updated guidelines for chronic heart failure (CHF) emphasize evidence-based drug and device therapies. Structured care programs and multidisciplinary support are recommended for all patients to improve outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of hospital admissions in Germany.
  • A multidisciplinary expert panel revised key chapters of the National Disease Management Guideline (NDMG) for CHF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update recommendations for drug therapy, invasive procedures, and care coordination in chronic heart failure.
  • To align treatment strategies with the latest evidence and expert consensus.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature reviews and adaptation of international guidelines.
  • Development by a multidisciplinary expert panel using a formal consensus procedure.
  • Testing of recommendations through open consultation, adhering to S3 guideline requirements.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacological treatment includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, MRAs, and diuretics.
  • Sacubitril/Valsartan and ivabradine are recommended for symptom control when standard therapy fails or is not tolerated.
  • Device therapy indications are limited to specific patient subgroups with proven benefit.
  • Structured care programs, specialized nurses, and remote monitoring show moderate benefits for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • All heart failure patients should be enrolled in structured programs with coordinated multidisciplinary care and education.
  • Intensified care, including specialized nurses or remote support, is recommended for patients with a poor prognosis.