Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026
08:45
Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
Published on: November 8, 2024
1.4K
Alcohol and fetoplacental vasoconstrictor reactivity
1Department of Physiology Second Medical School, Charles University in Prague, Prague 5, Czech Republic. vaclav.hampl@lf2.cuni.cz.
Physiological Research
|March 13, 2018
Summary
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases fetal vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II. However, these vascular changes in the fetoplacental unit are less severe than other known alcohol-related fetal harms.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is linked to fetal growth restriction.
- Chronic hypoxia elevates fetoplacental vascular resistance, reducing placental blood flow.
- Alcohol's impact on fetoplacental vasculature is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of maternal alcohol intake on fetoplacental vascular resistance and reactivity.
- To determine if alcohol alters the response to vasoconstrictors like angiotensin II.
- To compare alcohol's vascular effects with hypoxia-induced changes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized an isolated, double-perfused rat placenta model.
- Administered alcohol to pregnant rats during the last third of gestation.
- Measured vascular resistance and reactivity to angiotensin II and hypoxia.
Main Results:
- Maternal alcohol intake doubled fetoplacental vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II.
- Resting vascular resistance and reactivity to acute hypoxia remained unchanged.
- Chronic alcohol consumption alters fetoplacental vasculature reactivity in rats.
Conclusions:
- Maternal alcohol consumption alters fetoplacental vasculature reactivity.
- These vascular alterations are potentially less detrimental than other alcohol-induced fetal effects.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate alcohol's complex impact on fetal development.
Related Concept Videos
02:37Oxidation of Alcohols
16.3K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.3K
00:42Cross-reactivity
33.1K
Overview
33.1K
01:18Reactivity of Enols
4.2K
Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is...
4.2K
02:29Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
13.0K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
13.0K
02:31Protection of Alcohols
8.1K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.1K
01:23Reactivity of Enolate Ions
3.4K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
3.4K