Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
Published on: August 20, 2007
Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Fetal Pancreatic Stem Cell Transplant
Olga Ulyanova1, Abay Baigenzhin, Zhaksylyk Doskaliyev
1Department of Endocrine Disturbances, National Scientific Medical Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Objectives:
Our objective was to determine transforming growth factor β1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after fetal pancreatic stem cell transplant.
Materials And Methods:
We examined 10 patients (age range, 41-65 y) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which we subsequently divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 5 patients who received fetal pancreatic stem cell transplant (cells were 16-18 wk gestation) performed by intravenous infusion. Group 2 comprised 5 patients (control group) who were on hypoglycemic tablet therapy or insulin therapy. The quantity of fetal stem cells infused was 5 to 6 × 106. We analyzed transforming growth factor β1, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients before and 3 months after fetal pancreatic stem cell transplant.
Results:
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, fetal pancreatic stem cell transplant led to a significant increase in transforming growth factor β1 levels, from 16 364.8 to 35 730.4 ng/mL (P = .008), with trend in decreased glycated hemoglobin levels, from 7.96% to 6.98% (P = .088) after 3 months.
Conclusions:
Transforming growth factor β1 levels increased significantly within 3 months after fetal pancreatic stem cell transplant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Embryonic Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Types Of Transformers
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...

